Movie 1.

Activation of twitches by VACHT>Chrimson–mCherry in tail fragments. The movie shows three trials of tail fragments in the 15 seconds before and after activation by 590 nm light. Movie plays at 3-times normal speed.

Motor neurons in the tunicate caudal central nervous system reveal homology to the vertebrate spinal cord

Matthew J. Kourakis, Kerrianne Ryan, Erin D. Newman-Smith, Ian A. Meinertzhagen, and William C. Smith

Development 2025. 152:None-None; doi: 10.1242/dev.204525