Movie 3
Live-cell imaging of Cos7 cells transiently transfected with EGFP-LC3. Related to Figure 5H. Cells were pretreated with vehicle (left) or 250 nM MakA (right) for 48 h then treated with 1 μM torin1. Frames captured every 10 seconds. Data are representative of at least four independent experiments. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin MakA induces noncanonical autophagy resulting in the spatial inhibition of canonical autophagy
J Cell Sci 2021. 134:None-None; doi: 10.1242/jcs.252015