Movie S2

Fluoroscope images of Desmognathus quadramaculatus capturing a cricket with tongue projection, followed by biting and prey transport as well as the characteristic desmognathine headflexion behavior. Note the mobility of the atlanto-occipital joint between the enlarged atlas and the cranium during head flexion (upper panel) and the stalked occipital condyles (lower panel).

A peculiar mechanism of bite-force enhancement in lungless salamanders revealed by a new geometric method for modeling muscle moments

Stephen M. Deban, and Jason C. Richardson

Journal of Experimental Biology 2017. 220:3588-3597; doi: 10.1242/jeb.165266