Movie S2

Automatic wingbeat transition detection from high-speed video. A demonstration of how the wingbeat transitions were automatically obtained. A white dot tracks the area centroid of the bird outline. The wingbeat transition is defined as the moment when the area centroid changes horizontal direction (red being downstroke and blue upstroke).

How the hummingbird wingbeat is tuned for efficient hovering

Rivers Ingersoll, and David Lentink

Journal of Experimental Biology 2018. 221:None-None; doi: 10.1242/jeb.178228