Movie 1

Smoke visualization video of the robotic flower wake. Smoke plane is aligned with the center of the flower and playback is at 30 fps (recorded at 125 f ps). Vortices in the flower wake are shed within the frequency range 2-5 Hz. The flower wake is best described by a range of frequencies due to the complex shape of the flower face and nectary combined. Global level and contrast adjustments were performed in iMovie to better visualize the smoke lines.