Movie 2.

Tail beating of a mid-piece fragment. A mid-piece fragment segmented at −6.5 and 19.2% expresses alternating tail beats (MI = 4).

The trunk–tail junctional region in Ciona larvae autonomously expresses tail-beating bursts at ∼20 second intervals

Takashi Hara, Shuya Hasegawa, Yasushi Iwatani, and Atsuo S. Nishino

Journal of Experimental Biology 2022. 225:None-None; doi: 10.1242/jeb.243828