Movie 3.
Acherontia atropos, abdomen lifting during the downstroke, which affects ventilation of the thoracoabdominal air sacs. View from behind, tethered spontaneous flight under dimmed light, 11 wingbeat cycles. Sony alpha 9. Slow motion option 25 frames /s, frame rate adjusted to the wing beat frequency to almost freeze the movements, generating a slow motion effect.
Functioning of unidirectional ventilation in flying hawkmoths evaluated by pressure and oxygen measurements and X-ray video and tomography
Journal of Experimental Biology 2024. 227:None-None; doi: 10.1242/jeb.245949