Movie 4.

Under 100× laser confocal microscopy, we were able to visualize the motile behavior of multiciliated cells on the surface of embryos injected with membrane RFP alone, with their cilia exhibiting rapid beating. 25 frames were recorded per second.

Ccdc57 regulates cilia and left-right patterning in Xenopus

Binyi Yang, Emily K. Mis, Xianglin Zhou, Faiza Aslam, Jie He, Xiangyang Lu, Hui Fan, Ting Guo, Engin Deniz, Hong Luo, and Mustafa K. Khokha

Biology Open 2026. 15:None-None; doi: 10.1242/bio.062495