Movie 3.

Surface renders of jaw-adjacent EC1.45 activity alongside sox10 reporter marking the larval jaw and nearby cartilaginous structures at 4 dpf. Animated movie of a confocal z-stack in 3D showing eGFP-positive and mRFP-positive cells in the developing jaw region as surfaces at 4 dpf for a cross between the transgenic lines Tg(HuP1P2:GFP) and Tg(sox10:mRFP). eGFP-positive cells form paired regions adjacent and lateral to the Meckel's cartilage, with signal extending into and around the jaw joint between Meckel's and the palatoquadrate cartilage template (marked by sox10:mRFP). Prepared in Imaris, scale bar is indicated.

Neanderthal-derived variants increase SOX9 enhancer activity in craniofacial progenitors that shape jaw development

Kirsty Uttley, Hannah J. Jüllig, Carlo De Angelis, Julia M. T. Auer, Ewa Ozga, Hemant Bengani, and Hannah K. Long

Development 2025. 152:None-None; doi: 10.1242/dev.204779