Movie 7.

Human and Neanderthal EC1.45 activity is observed from 38–40 hpf in the jawadjacent region by live imaging. Live imaging for Tg(Hu:GFP;Ne:Ch) embryo from 1–2 dpf (28–48 hpf). Arrows indicate detection of enhancer activity in the jaw region for Neanderthal EC1.45 (mCherry) and human EC1.45 (eGFP). Min/max values adjusted to clearly visualise both fluorophores over time. Scale bars 100 μm.

Neanderthal-derived variants increase SOX9 enhancer activity in craniofacial progenitors that shape jaw development

Kirsty Uttley, Hannah J. Jüllig, Carlo De Angelis, Julia M. T. Auer, Ewa Ozga, Hemant Bengani, and Hannah K. Long

Development 2025. 152:None-None; doi: 10.1242/dev.204779